Rail ज्ञान
  1. Rail ज्ञान
  2. DG Set & Electrical

Lesson 4· 5 min

Wiring diagram ki bhasha

Symbols, lines, jod aur labels: ek simple circuit mein bijli ka raasta supply se lamp tak aur wapas kaise trace karein, switch ON/OFF karke dekhiye.

Ek simple circuit ka wiring diagram: AC supply se phase (L) taar fuse aur switch se hote hue lamp tak, aur neutral (N) taar se wapas supply tak. Lamp ki body earth se judi haiLNE1234567

  1. Supply sourceसप्लाई का स्रोत

    Bijli kahan se aa rahi hai, jaise mains ya DG. Gol ghere ke andar lehar (~) ka matlab AC supply hai.

  2. Phase (L)फेज़

    Supply se load tak bijli le jaane wala taar. Diagram par L likha hota hai.

  3. Fuse / MCBफ्यूज़ / एमसीबी

    Zyada current aane par circuit tod deta hai. Fuse ka taar pighal jaata hai; MCB trip hota hai aur use dobara ON kiya ja sakta hai.

  4. Switchस्विच

    Circuit ko jodta ya todta hai. ON par raasta poora hota hai, OFF par toot jaata hai.

  5. Lampलैंप

    Diagram mein ghere ke andar X wala nishaan. Current guzarne par jalta hai. Ye is circuit ka load hai.

  6. Neutral (N)न्यूट्रल

    Load se wapas supply tak current laane wala taar. Diagram par N likha hota hai.

  7. Earth (E)अर्थ

    Metal body ko zameen se jodne wala suraksha taar. Aam taur par ismein current nahi chalta; fault hone par current ko zameen tak le jaakar fuse ya MCB ko trip karwata hai.

Wiring diagram ek naksha hai: asli taar kaise lage hain ye nahi, balki bijli kis raaste se jaati hai, ye dikhata hai. Ek baar iski bhasha samajh li, to DG panel ka diagram ho ya ghar ka, padhna aasaan ho jaata hai. Upar ke circuit mein har number par tap kijiye, aur Switch button se switch ON/OFF karke dekhiye.

Symbols aur lines

Diagram mein har component ka ek tay symbol hota hai: gol ghere mein lehar AC supply hai, chhota lamba chaukor fuse hai, ghere mein X lamp hai. Line ka matlab taar hai. Jahan do lines ek mote dot par milti hain, wahan taar jude hain. Agar lines bina dot ke ek doosre ko kaat-ti hain, to wo jude nahi hain, bas ek ke upar se doosra guzar raha hai.

Labels: L, N aur E

Taaron par label likhe hote hain. L phase hai, jo supply se load tak bijli le jaata hai. N neutral hai, jo current ko wapas supply tak laata hai. E earth hai, jo metal body ko zameen se jodta hai.

Taar ke rang jagah aur zamaane ke hisaab se alag ho sakte hain: purani wiring mein aksar phase laal, neutral kaala aur earth hara hota hai; nayi wiring mein aksar phase bhoora (brown), neutral neela aur earth hara-peela. Isliye diagram padhte waqt rang se zyada L, N aur E labels par dhyan dijiye.

Raasta trace karna

Diagram padhne ka sabse kaam ka tareeka hai ek raasta trace karna. Supply se shuru kijiye aur ungli se line ke saath chaliye:

  1. Supply se phase (L) par nikliye.
  2. Pehle fuse ya MCB aata hai, jo zyada current par circuit tod deta hai.
  3. Phir switch, jo circuit ko jodta ya todta hai.
  4. Phir load, yahan lamp, jahan bijli kaam karti hai.
  5. Neutral (N) se wapas supply tak.

Raasta kahin bhi toota, jaise switch OFF ya fuse udd gaya, to current nahi chalega. Diagram par Switch button dabakar dekhiye: chalti line ruk jaati hai aur lamp bujh jaata hai.

Earth: suraksha ka raasta

Earth wala taar aam taur par khaali rehta hai, usmein current nahi chalta. Agar kabhi phase ka taar galti se lamp ki metal body ko chhoo le, to current earth ke raaste zameen mein jaata hai, aur itna current fuse ya MCB ko trip kar deta hai. Isliye diagram mein earth alag raasta hai, load ka hissa nahi.

Symbols pehchanne ki practice ke liye Schematic Sprint kheliye. Usmein yahi symbols hain, aur kai aur bhi.

Khud ko check karein

  1. 1/3Wiring diagram mein do lines jahan mote dot par milti hain, uska matlab kya hai?
    Jawab dekhein

    Sahi jawab: Taar wahan jude hue hain. Dot jod (junction) dikhata hai. Bina dot ke kat-ti lines ka matlab hai ki taar jude nahi hain.

  2. 2/3Switch OFF karne par lamp kyun bujh jaata hai?
    Jawab dekhein

    Sahi jawab: Circuit ka raasta toot jaata hai, isliye current nahi chalta. Current tabhi chalta hai jab raasta poora ho. Switch OFF raasta tod deta hai.

  3. 3/3Earth taar mein current kab chalta hai?
    Jawab dekhein

    Sahi jawab: Fault ke waqt, jab bijli kisi metal body par aa jaaye. Earth fault current ko zameen tak le jaata hai, jisse fuse ya MCB trip ho jaata hai.

Is lesson ke shabd

Loadलोड
Wo sab jo bijli use karta hai: lights, pankhe, pump, lift aur machines.
Supply sourceसप्लाई का स्रोत
Bijli kahan se aa rahi hai, jaise mains ya DG. Gol ghere ke andar lehar (~) ka matlab AC supply hai.
Phase (L)फेज़
Supply se load tak bijli le jaane wala taar. Diagram par L likha hota hai.
Fuse / MCBफ्यूज़ / एमसीबी
Zyada current aane par circuit tod deta hai. Fuse ka taar pighal jaata hai; MCB trip hota hai aur use dobara ON kiya ja sakta hai.
Switchस्विच
Circuit ko jodta ya todta hai. ON par raasta poora hota hai, OFF par toot jaata hai.
Lampलैंप
Diagram mein ghere ke andar X wala nishaan. Current guzarne par jalta hai. Ye is circuit ka load hai.
Neutral (N)न्यूट्रल
Load se wapas supply tak current laane wala taar. Diagram par N likha hota hai.
Earth (E)अर्थ
Metal body ko zameen se jodne wala suraksha taar. Aam taur par ismein current nahi chalta; fault hone par current ko zameen tak le jaakar fuse ya MCB ko trip karwata hai.